Aspirations

Aspirations that a bigger than the distance we see with my bear flesh filled eyes........We have the courage, and the will power to offend that statement...Do u have have them enough to keep it in practice?  We say we just need a chance to prove our caliber.....Remember folks, the people outside, they do not have enough of these to give a chance to the new ones.........be on your feat, more quakes are yet to come..........Keep your eyes wide open, not for the seeing the population growing, but to see the dusk coming, fight if u can else atleast do not try to block the ones growing.....

4 P’s of Marketing

4 Ps of marketing

Marketing decision variables are those variables under the firm's control that can affect the level of demand for the firm's products. They are distinguished from environmental and competitive action variables that are not totally and directly under the firm's control.

The four marketing decision variables are:

Price variables

• Allowances and deals
• Distribution and retailer mark-ups
• Discount structure

Product variables

• Quality
• Models and sizes
• Packaging
• Brands
• Service

Promotion variables

• Advertising
• Sales promotion
• Personal selling
• Publicity

Place variables

• Channels of distribution
• Outlet location
• Sales territories
• Warehousing system

Management Lessons

LESSON 1:A crow was sitting on a tree, doing nothing all day.

A small rabbit saw the crow, and asked him, "Can I also sit like you

and do nothing all day long?" The crow answered: "Sure, why not." So,

the rabbit sat on the ground below the crow, and rested. All of a

sudden, a fox appeared, jumped on the rabbit and ate it.

Moral of the story: To be sitting and doing nothing,

you must be sitting very, very high up.

---------------------------------------------------------

LESSON 2:

A turkey was chatting with a bull. "I would love to be

able to get to the top of that tree," sighed the turkey, "but I

haven't got the energy." "Well, why don't you nibble on some of my

droppings?"

replied the bull "They're packed with nutrients." The turkey

pecked at a lump of dung and found that it actually gave him enough

strength to reach the first branch of the tree. The next day, after

eating

some more dung, he reached the second branch. Finally after a

fortnight, there he was proudly perched at the top of the tree. Soon he

was

promptly spotted by a farmer, who shot the turkey out of the tree.

Moral of the story: Bullshit might get you to the top,

but it won't keep you there.

--------------------------------------------------------

LESSON 3:

A little bird was flying south for the winter. It was

so cold, that the bird froze and fell to the ground in a large field.

While it was lying there, a cow came by and dropped some dung on

it. As the frozen bird lay there in the pile of cow dung, it began to

realize how warm it was. The dung was actually thawing him out! He lay

there all warm and happy, and soon began to sing for joy. A passing

cat heard the bird singing and came to investigate. Following the

sound, the cat discovered the bird under the pile of cow dung, and

promptly dug him out and ate him!

The Morals of this story:

1) Not everyone who drops shit on you is your enemy.

2) Not everyone who gets you out of shit is your

friend.

3) And when you're in deep shit, keep your mouth shut!

-------------------------------------------------------

LESSON 4:

When the body was first made, all the parts wanted to

be boss. The brain said, "I should be Boss because I

control the whole body's responses and functions. "

The feet said, " We should be Boss as we carry the

brain about and get him to where he wants to go." The

hands said, " We should be the Boss because we do all

the work and earn all the money." And so it went on

and on with the heart, the lungs and the eyes until

finally the asshole spoke up. All the parts laughed at

the idea of the asshole being the Boss. So the asshole

went on strike, blocked itself up and refused to work.

Within a short time the eyes became crossed, the hands

clenched, the feet twitched, the heart and lungs began

to panic and the brain fevered. Eventually they all

decided that the asshole should be the Boss, so the

motion was passed. All the other parts did all the

work while the Boss just sat and passed out the shit!

Moral of the story: You don't need brains to be a Boss

- any asshole will do.

Some jokes

Mother: David, come here.
David: Yes, mum.
Mother: You really disappoint me. Your results are getting worse.
David: But I will only get my report book tomorrow.
Mother: I know that, but I'm going Hong Kong tomorrow so I'm scolding you now.

Father: Why did you fail your Mathematics Test?
Son: On Monday, teacher said 3 + 5 = 8
Father: So? Son: On Tuesday, she said 4 + 4 = 8.
On Wednesday, she said 6 + 2 = 8. If she can't make up her mind, how do I know the right answer?

Girl: Do you love me?
Boy: Yes Dear.
Girl: Would you die for me?
Boy: No, mine is undying love

Man: How old is your father?
Boy: 1 year older then me
Man: How can that be?
Boy: He became a father only when I was born

Teacher: Simon, your composition on "My Dog" is exactly the same as your brother's. Did you copy his?
Simon: No, teacher. It's the same dog!

Father: Your teacher says she finds it impossible to teach you anything!
Son: That's why I say she's no good!

Teacher: Where were you born?
Student: Singapore , Sir.
Teacher: Which part? Student: All of me, Sir.

Teacher: How come you do not comb your hair?
Ah Kow: No comb, Sir.
Teacher: Use your dad's then.
Ah Kow: No hair, Sir.

A boy came home from school with his exam results. "What did you get?" asked his father. "My marks are under water," said the boy. "What do you mean 'under water'?" " They are all below 'C' (sea) level!"

Best Time

A prisoner in jail received a letter from his wife:

"I have decided to plant some lettuce in the back garden. When is the best time to plant them?"

The prisoner, knowing that the prison guards read all the mail, replied in a letter:

"Dear Wife, whatever you do, DO NOT touch the back garden! That is where I hid all the gold."

A week or so later, he received another letter from his wife:

"You wouldn't believe what happened. Some men came with shovels to the house, and dug up the whole back garden."

The prisoner wrote another letter:

"Dear wife, NOW is the best time to plant the lettuce!"

Nature of some Bosses

A man goes into a pet shop to buy a parrot. The shop owner points to three identical looking parrots on a perch and says:

"The parrot to the left costs 500 dollars".

"Why does the parrot cost so much?" the customer asks.

The owner says, "Well, it knows how to use a computer."

The customer asks about the next parrot and is told "That one costs 1,000 dollars because it can do everything the other parrot can do plus it knows how to use the UNIX operating system."

Naturally, the increasingly startled man asks about the third parrot and is told "That one costs 2,000 dollars."

Needless to say this begs the question "What can IT do?"

To which the owner replies "To be honest I have never seen it do a thing but the other two call him the boss!"

Cyanide as a prescription

A lady walked into a drug store and told the pharmacist she needed some cyanide.

The pharmacist asked, "Why in the world do you need cyanide?"

The lady then explained she needed it to poison her husband.

The pharmacist's eyes got big and he said, "Lord have mercy, I can't give you cyanide to kill your husband!

That's against the law! I'll lose my license... They'll throw both of us in jail and all kinds of bad things will happen! Absolutely not! You can NOT have any cyanide!"

Then the lady reached into her purse and pulled out a picture of her husband having dinner in a restaurant with pharmacist's wife.

The pharmacist looked at the picture and replied, "Well, now... You didn't tell me you had a prescription".

 

Enjoyed the joke…i enjoyed for sure LOL :P

Best Management Joke

This is the best management joke I ever heard :D

 

"Is your advertising getting results?"

"It sure is! Last week we advertised for a night watchman and the next night we were robbed"

HR related jokes

COMPETITIVE SALARY:

We remain competitive by paying less than our competitors.

FLEXIBLE HOURS:

Work 55 hours; get paid for 37.5.

GOOD COMMUNICATION SKILLS:

Management communicates, you listen, figure out what they want you to do.

ABILITY TO HANDLE A HEAVY WORKLOAD:

You whine, you're fired.

CAREER-MINDED:

We expect that you will want to flip hamburgers until you are 70.

SELF-MOTIVATED:

Management won't answer questions

SOME OVERTIME REQUIRED:

Some time each night and some time each weekend

DUTIES WILL VARY:

Anyone in the office can boss you around.

COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT:

We have a lot of turnover.

SALES POSITION REQUIRING MOTIVATED SELF-STARTER:

We're not going to supply you with leads; there's no base salary; you'll wait 30 days for your first commission check.

CASUAL WORK ATMOSPHERE:

We don't pay enough to expect that you'll dress up; well, a couple of the real daring guys wear earrings.

SOME PUBLIC RELATIONS REQUIRED:

If we're in trouble, you'll go on TV and get us out of it.

SEEKING CANDIDATES WITH A WIDE VARIETY OF EXPERIENCE:

You'll need it to replace three people who just left.

PROBLEM-SOLVING SKILLS A MUST:

You're walking into a company in perpetual chaos.

Practical Definitions

Atom Bomb: An invention made to end all inventions.

* * * * * * * *

Boss: Someone who is early when you are late and late when you are early.

* * * * * * * *

Cigarette: A pinch of tobacco rolled in paper with fire at one end & a fool on the other.

* * * * * * * *

Classic: A book which people praises, but do not read.

* * * * * * * *

College: A place where some pursue learning and others learn pursuing.

* * * * * * * *

Committee: Individuals who can do nothing individually and sit to decide that nothing can be done together.

* * * * * * * *

Compromise: The art of dividing a cake in such a way that everybody believes he got the biggest piece.

* * * * * * * *

Conference: The confusion of one man multiplied by the number present.

* * * * * * * *

Conference Room: A place where everybody talks, nobody listens & everybody disagrees later on.

* * * * * * * *

Criminal: A guy no different from the rest... except that he got caught.

* * * * * * * *

Dictionary: A place where divorce comes before marriage.

* * * * * * * *

Diplomat: A person who tells you to go to hell in such a way that you actually looks forward to the trip.

* * * * * * * *

Divorce: Future tense of marriage.

* * * * * * * *

Doctor: A person who kills your ills by pills, and kills you with his bills.

* * * * * * * *

Ecstasy: A feeling when you feel you are going to feel a feeling you have never felt before.

* * * * * * * *

Etc.: A sign to make others believe that you know more than you actually do.

* * * * * * * *

Experience: The name men give to their mistakes.

* * * * * * * *

Father: A banker provided by nature.

* * * * * * * *

Lecture: An art of transferring information from the notes of the lecturer to the notes of the students without passing

through "the minds of either".

* * * * * * * *

Love affairs: Something like cricket where one-day internationals are more popular than a five-day test.

* * * * * * * *

Marriage: It's an agreement in which a man loses his bachelor degree and woman gains her master.

* * * * * * * *

Miser: A person who lives poor so that he can die rich.

* * * * * * * *

Office: A place where you can relax after your strenuous home life.

* * * * * * * *

Optimist: A person who while falling from Eiffel tower says in midway "See I am not injured yet."

* * * * * * * *

Opportunist: A person who starts taking bath if he accidentally falls into a river.

* * * * * * * *

Pessimist: A person who says that O is the last letter in ZERO, Instead of the first letter in word OPPORTUNITY.

* * * * * * * *

Philosopher: A fool who torments himself during life, to be spoken of when dead.

* * * * * * * *

Politician: One who shakes your hand before elections and your Confidence after.

* * * * * * * *

Smile: A curve that can set a lot of things straight.

* * * * * * * *

Tears: The hydraulic force by which masculine will-power is defeated by feminine waterpower.

* * * * * * * *

Yawn: The only time some married men ever get to open their mouth.

Way of the HR

E-Mail one:

Attention: Human Resources

Joe Smith, my assistant programmer, can always be found

hard at work in his cubicle. Joe works independently, without

wasting company time talking to colleagues. Joe never

thinks twice about assisting fellow employees, and he always

finishes given assignments on time. Often Joe takes extended

measures to complete his work, sometimes skipping

coffee breaks. Joe is an individual who has absolutely no

vanity in spite of his high accomplishments and profound

knowledge in his field. I firmly believe that Joe can be

classed as a high-calibre employee, the type which cannot be

dispensed with. Consequently, I duly recommend that Joe be

promoted to executive management, and a proposal will be

executed as soon as possible.

Regards,

Project Leader

 

e-mail TWO

Attention: Human Resources

Joe Smith was reading over my shoulder while I wrote the report sent to you earlier today. Kindly read only the odd numbered lines [1, 3, 5, etc.] for my true assessment of his ability.

Regards,

Project Leader

Classic Definitions – Jokes

Classic Definitions

1. Cigarette : A pinch of tobacco rolled in paper with fire at one end & a fool at the other.
2. Love affairs : Something like cricket where one-day internationals are more popular than a five day test.
3. Marriage : It's an agreement in which a man loses his bachelor degree and a woman gains her masters
4. Divorce : Future tense of marriage
5. Lecture : An art of transferring information from the notes of the lecturer to the notes of the students without passing through "the minds of either".
6. Conference : The confusion of one man multiplied by the number present.
7. Compromise : The art of dividing a cake in such a way that everybody believes he got the biggest piece.
8. Tears : The hydraulic force by which masculine will-power is defeated by feminine water-power .
9. Dictionary : A place where divorce comes before marriage.
10. Conference Room : A place where everybody talks, nobody listens & everybody disagrees later on.

Official Jokes – Jokes in office times

Wonderful definitions of designations at office .

1. Project Manager is a Person who thinks nine women can deliver a baby in One month.
2. Developer is a Person who thinks it will take 18 months to deliver a Baby.
3. Onsite Coordinator is one who thinks single woman can deliver nine babies in one month.
4. Client is the one who doesn't know why he wants a baby.
5. Marketing Manager is a person who thinks he can deliver a baby even if no man and woman are available.
6. Resource Optimization Team thinks they don't need a man or woman; they'll produce a child with zero resources.
7. Documentation Team thinks they don't care whether the child is delivered, they'll just document 9 months.
8. Quality Auditor is the person who is never happy with the PROCESS to Produce a baby. And lastly.................
9. Tester is a person who always tells his wife that this is not the Right baby

Enjoy :D

Successful Negotiations

Twenty selected definitions of ‘successful negotiation’…

1. “To achieve mutual agreement”.

2. “Coming to an agreed resolution through a process of effective communication and review of positions, using your available power and influence”.

3. “All parties feel part, and have ownership of the outcome”.

4. “The process of reaching a sustainable agreement by both parties”.

5. “To have a win/win or no deal situation”.

6. “Reaching a situation that is mutually satisfactory for all parties concerned in a way

that is as painless as possible”.

7. “Achieving what you set out to do”.

8. “Where both parties can achieve what they want”.

9. “That you end up with an outcome that both parties feel comfortable with and able to own”.

10. “Successful negotiating is when people can communicate calmly and willingly together to achieve a main goal or resolve a problem, and come up an agreeable solution”.

11. “Reaching a situation that is mutually satisfactory for all parties concerned in a way that is as ‘painless’ as possible”.

12. “A process which leaves both parties feeling that they have gained more than they have

given”.

13. “The process of searching for an agreement that satisfies various parties”.

14. “Short term, to get what you want, but longer term to get most of what you want whilst the other ‘person’ also feels the outcome is acceptable – win/nearly win”.

15. “Negotiation is where all parties reach a successful and desired climax, having achieved their individual objectives”.

16. “Reaching a conclusion acceptable to all whilst maximising your return”.

17. “Successful negotiation results in an outcome all parties can live with, and feel they have contributed towards”.

18. “The active resolution of a difficult situation or opposing views, where the outcome is accepted and mutually agreed by all parties”.

19. “Successful negotiation is where a ‘win/win’ situation is achieved”.

20. “An agreement that will stand the test of time because both sides feel comfortable with the result” .

----------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------

Some pre-conditions for successful negotiation – some near duplication, as these come from many groups’ thoughts

1. Adequate uninterrupted time.

2. Communication – willingness to participate.

3. Clear objectives by each party.

4. Flexibility / reasonableness.

5. Mutual respect/understanding of the other party’s position.

6. There must be perceived differences between the parties who are to negotiate.

7. An explanation of all positions and objectives.

8. An agreement about the process of negotiation.

9. There will be a periodic review of key stages of the negotiation.

10. Having an awareness of key issues prior to the negotiation.

11. Being prepared to be flexible whilst maintaining your boundaries.

12. Being prepared to use your power and influence.

13. Respect the other person’s point of view.

14. Listen and confirm what is being said.

15. Body language must be positive and open.

16. Allow time for reflection and listening so it is not rushed.

17. Maintain focus and direction – know what you want as an outcome.

18. Be willing to compromise, whilst knowing what cannot be conceded.

19. A thorough knowledge of the situation, and of relevant history of related events.

20. Knowledge of restrictions and limiting factors ground rules and barriers.

21. Awareness of alternatives to negotiated agreement – including walk away and third party.

22. Know objectives/goals – good planning.

23. All parties willing to negotiate – flexible.

24. Good communications – calm and assertive – listen.

25. Correct use of words and language.

26. The desire by all parties to resolve the conflict.

27. Careful not to undersell yourself.

28. Define the issue/common ground.

29. Willingness to meet.

30. Getting the right people involved in the negotiation – i.e. those with the appropriate authority.

31. Personal attributes of negotiator.

32. Explore what alternatives will be if negotiation will take place.

33. Trying to understand the other persons’ perception of the situation.

34. Need to know what you want to achieve.

35. Need to be realistic and know limitations.

36. Both parties wish to resolve the situation.

37. An understanding and appreciation of the opposing viewpoints.

38. Acceptable means of implementing results of the negotiation.

39. Representatives are in a position to negotiate.

40. Willing to accept change to a degree.

41. Controlling your feelings.

42. Asserting yourself without offending.

43. Decide the best person to negotiate with, to get a result.

44. Have a clear understanding and knowledge of what you are negotiating for.

45. Do not presume anything, clarify first.

46. Know when and on what to concede.

47. Don’t settle for less than you want unless absolutely necessary (don’t undersell).

48. Take time out to consider.

49. Don’t take things personally – try to be detached.

50. Each party must have something the others want.

51. Knowing the results of failure.

52. Restraint in the use of power.

53. Good information and briefing on both sides.

54. Ensure both/all parties have the opportunity to communicate their standpoint/point of view the others.

55. Creativity/innovative solutions, and the ability to think about problems in a different way.

56. Exploit and build on the areas of agreement.

57. Ensure agreements are summarised and finalised.

58. Have a clear idea of your fall-back position.

59. Knowing the result of a failure to negotiate.

60. Define what the issue is.

61. Select the most appropriate location and venue – away from other distractions.

62. Controlled behaviour and body language.

63. To enter into negotiations with an openness and willingness for movement.

64. Stating outcomes and follow-on actions so that all parties are clear on agreements.

65. All should be able to ask questions, to clarify matters, and to be heard in full without interruption.

66. To feel comfortable with detaching yourself physically from the negotiations if required to think things through.

67. To have at hand as many facts as possible.

68. To be able to ‘warn’ without appearing to threaten.

69. To be able not to gloat at the end if it goes the way you wanted.

70. To know your hot buttons, and not reactive unhelpfully if these are pressed.

71. Honesty and fairness.

72. Self-control: non-aggressive body language.

73. Full understanding of all outcomes.

74. The ability to avoid reacting instinctively, without thought to proposals, suggestions, or even

abuse.

75. Tolerance of others’ views – even, or especially those very different to your own.

Source: http://www.citehr.com/viewtopic.php?t=1727

Office 2007 editions

Being a new from its old scrap, its got a lot of modifications to its application.

The major part is the change of the toolbar orientation of the default office to its new dashboard orientation, which made the use of many toolbars very easy.

Another change is the change in the way the shortcuts are displayed. Before it used to be that we need to remember a lot of keys and their colleague keys, but in the New Office 2007, the entire way has been changed, here you are just required to press the 'ALT' key once and rest from their you need to use the keys solo as you see them on the dashboard.

The coolest is the bridge among the office applications, there are developed a lot.

Anyway, Office 2007 is one of the best R&D result for Microsoft product line.

The new office 2007 contains the following apps:

• Word
• PowerPoint
• Excel
• Access
• Outlook
• One Note
• Visio
• SharePoint Designer
• Groove
• Communicator
• Accounting Professional

You cant see all these applications in all the packages of Office. Office 2007 has been released in different sets for the following target groups by their names:

1. Home and Student
2. Office Standard 2007
3. Office Small Business 2007
4. Office Professional
5. Office Professional Plus
6. Office Enterprises
7. Office Ultimates

Public Sector Banks List

List of Public Sector Banks in India is as follows:
    • Allahabad Bank
    • Andhra Bank
    • Bank of Baroda
    • Bank of India
    • Bank of Maharashtra
    • Canara Bank
    • Central Bank of India
    • Corporation Bank
    • Dena Bank
    • Indian Bank
    • Indian Overseas Bank
    • Oriental Bank of Commerce
    • Punjab and Sind Bank
    • Punjab National Bank
    • State Bank of Bikaner & Jaipur
    • State Bank of Hyderabad
    • State Bank of India (SBI)
    • State Bank of Indore
    • State Bank of Mysore
    • State Bank of Patiala
    • State Bank of Saurashtra
    • State Bank of Travancore
    • Syndicate Bank
    • UCO Bank
    • Union Bank of India
    • United Bank of India
    • Vijaya Bank

Plastic Bag

• Each year, an estimated 500 billion to 1 trillion plastic bags are consumed worldwide. That comes out to over one million per minute. Billions end up as litter each year.
• According to the EPA, over 380 billion plastic bags, sacks and wraps are consumed in the U.S. each year.
• According to The Wall Street Journal, the U.S. goes through 100 billion plastic shopping bags annually. (Estimated cost to retailers is $4 billion.)
• Plastic bags don't biodegrade, they photodegrade-breaking down into smaller and smaller toxic bits contaminating soil and waterways and entering the food web when animals accidentally ingest.
• Hundreds of thousands of sea turtles, whales and other marine mammals die every year from eating discarded plastic bags mistaken for food.
• Plastic bags are among the 12 items of debris most often found in coastal cleanups, according to the nonprofit Center for Marine Conservation.
• Four out of five grocery bags in the US are now plastic.
• The average family accumulates 60 plastic bags in only four trips to the grocery store.
• Plastic bags are light and hard to contain. Because of their light weight, plastic bags fly easily in wind, float along readily in the currents of rivers and oceans, get tangled up in trees, fences, poles, and so forth, and block the drainage.
• Plastic bags are made from a non-renewable natural resource: petroleum. Consequently, the manufacturing of plastic bags contributes to the diminishing availability of our natural resources and the damage to the environment from the extraction of petroleum.

Source: http://www.squidoo.com/plasticbags/

Office 2007 & 2003

Office 2003

    Office 2003, has got enough ranking from every one who uses it. Even though it is much better than its previous versions of office, it lacked in giving flexibility to the typist or the editor. This is the best part what every one know till date that office 2007 has overcome it.

Office 2007

    Office 200, the first of the office version to be the best of simplicity in design and flexibility of use. Never comment on its style of working this time. Microsoft, I think this is the first time they concentrated their R&D in the designing of the new office 2007.

As every one says, it not just a appearance that made it different. There are many more aspects that made it great. To be on my opinion, I think Microsoft tried to copy some of appearance of Mac from Apple. What ever it might be, it created a revolution in the field of office. And one more major feature for editors is that they can include the fonts that they use, into the file directly instead of carrying they separately to where ever they go.

The new office 2007 has got better, easier, flexible and more decent looking in the office.

Till now I have praised the office 2007, so, lets now see what are the cons of this little piece of software.

It is very advanced in data binding, creating a greater system requirements, it do even take some time on some of the menus to open on a 2.4GHz system.

It is has tried to change the entire extension to '.docx' which was actually '.doc' till office 2003. (Don’t worry, it has the option to select a default format during save to doc or another extension).

ICET 2010

Integrated Common Entrance Test 2010 for MBA and MCA in Andhra University Range.

Important Dates:

Sale of Applications	25/02/2010 in E-seva centres and Specific Andhra Bank Branches. Stores list
Without late fee submission	05/04/2010
With minimal Late fee of Rs.500/- through DD	19/04/2010
Late fee of Rs.2000/- through DD	24/04/2010
Exam Date	27/05/2010

For information on test centres please visit:Test centres list

Trace the status of ICET 2010 application – Click Here

ALL THE BEST FOR EXAM

BIOS

BIOS intro:

BIOS refers to Basic Input Output System.

This is a must for any computer and is given by default on motherboards when every you purchase one. This gives the basic necessary controls which are used to modify how the hardware is working, it helps in controlling the power supply, apply superior passwords to systems, and to modify the boot orders.

BIOS is important as it detects the hardware of the systems, not all but all the major ones that like the ones that are present onboard.

How to access the bios?

You can assess the BIOS controls by using 'DEL' key on your keyboard. In most cases it is the del key, else it is 'F10' key and may change on systems. Example: F1, F11, F12 etc.

How bios works?

BIOS works by storing the settings on a small chip that is onboard. The chips stores the data that is modified by using a small Battery. If the battery fails to supply enough power, or if it is dead, the changes made in the BIOS are lost every time the system is switched off.

IDE

IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) is a 40 pin slot. They are 2 in number on motherboard. Each IDE slot is connected to IDE devices like HDD and CD drives using a cable called IDE cable. Each cable has 3 slots. One slot is used to connect to the motherboard, and the rest 2 to the devices.

Each IDE slot identifies its devices as Master and Slave. They can be set by modifying the Jumper settings on the devices.

Jumper settings are of 3 types:

1. Master
2. Slave
3. Cable setting

As per the new technologies, IDE is being replaced by SATA.

User Accounts

User is a person who uses the computer. He has some rights i.e. permissions which limit what he can do to a computer. These rights are controlled by the administrator, in lay man terms, it is the owner of the computer controls these rights.

User accounts are generally classified into 2 categories based on their origin:

1. Built-in - those that are created during the installation itself like administrator, guest user account etc.
2. User defined - those that are created by the user manually.

   These users are classified into 2:

3. Administrator

Users - sub-divided into:

1. Limited user
2. Power user

Administrator:

Administrator is the one who has the highest authority in managing the computers security and user policies. He is considered as the ultimate user who has unlimited powers. He can create, disable or kill user accounts. He can grant powers to specific users or to group of users. He has complete right over installation and user of softwares.

Users:

The one who just makes some benefit out of a computer is called as a user, he doesn't have much control on the rights of a computer policies; he is of 2 types:

Normal user: a person with no rights, just uses the computer to edit, save or create new files, he can just use some programs that are to his rights. He can change his password and save his desktop settings.

Power user: a normal user when granted with some writes by the administrator, is said to be a power user; the rights can be anything from deleting others files till editing the security policies.

Methods for Creating User Accounts:

There are 2 way to create the user accounts in XP and 2003: One way is as follows

1. Right click 'My computer'.
2. Go to 'Manage' option.
3. Select/Expand the 'Local User and groups' in the left hand Tree view control.
4. If you selected it, right click on the 'users' folder in the right panel; if you have expanded it the right click the 'Users' control.
5. Select the 'New user' option.
6. Give a new user name
7. Give the full name
8. Give the description, its optional.
9. Give the password; it might be a complex or a simple password basing on your security policies.
10. Check the 'User must change Password during his next log-in' if you wish the user have to change the password each and every time he logs in.
11. If the above option is unchecked, then the next two options are available for use.
12. Check 'User cannot change password' if you wish that your user must never change the password that you gave him.
13. Check 'Password never expires' if you wish the password that is set now/once will never need to be changed regularly.
14. Check 'Account disabled' if you wish the user must not be able to use the computer.
15. Fill the data and press 'Create' to create the account else select 'Exit' to cancel it.

The other way to create an account it by using the control panel:

1. Go to start menu
2. Press the 'Control Panel' button to access the panel.
3. If your control panel is in classic view i.e. displaying more than 10 icons proceed as said; else press the 'Display as classic view' on the top left of the screen.
4. Double click the 'User Accounts' to open the user accounts box.
5. Select the 'Create a new account' option
6. Type the display name of the new account; the click next
7. Select the power status that is to be given to him; 'Administrator' or 'Limited user'
8. Then click the create account to create the account or just click back to edit/make changes or click the cancel button to exit it.